ICT Chap No- 3

Chapter No -3

Chapter No:-  3

ICT IN SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, MODELLING AND SIMULATIONS.

Q.1 Fill in the blanks and rewrite the complete statements:

1.  In the 21^st century, global economy is driven by Knowledge.

2.  It is easy to collect information for a project by using ICT rather than library.

3.  ICT is used as a tool that’s supplements traditional teaching and learning of science and mathematics.

4. Modeling is the virtual version of something in real world.

5. A Computer simulation is the technique of representing the real world with the help of computer program.

Q.2 State weather the following statements are true or false:

1. In this information era, global economy is driven by technology. False

2. ICT is used as tool supplements traditional face to face teaching and learning of science and mathematics. True

3. From the very beginning, computers have been used for acquiring, processing and analyzing information. True

4. ICT tools cannot be used for scientific data collection. False

5. Difficult scientific experiments can be demonstrated more easily using ICT. True

6. The nature of teaching and learning mathematics has changed considerably because of ICT. True

7. One use of ICT in mathematics to explore the effects of varying values and look for invariance and covariance. True

8. Students can collect data online and use mathematical software to analyze them graphically. True

9. ICT tools do not help students to manipulate diagrams dynamically. False

10. Computer modeling is the technique of representing the real world system with virtual version using mathematics and computer. True

11. Modeling and simulation can reveal minute details in behavior of system that cannot be observed and measured during experimentation. True

12. Simulations are useful in exploring “What if ….” Scenarios. True

13. Simulation is not used in research. False

14. Computer simulation is a part of computer modeling. False

15. We can collect information and to process them to make certain predictions. True

16. Simulation is not flexible. OR Simulation is not flexible and dynamic. False

Q.3 Rewrite the following statements by selecting the correct options:

1. …………. Is an example of computer projection technology?

a) Scanning    b) Photography                     c) Simulation             d) LCD Projector

2. The ………. Presentation makes concept more clear rather than oral explanation.

a)  Visual        b) audio                      c) text             d) image

3. A computer modeling is a representation of ………………. Dimensional objects on computer.

a) Many          b) Four                        c) Three          d) Two

4. Simulation creates a/an ………. Model of system.

a) Artificial     b) Natural       c) Map                       d) Data

Q.4 Rewrite the following statements by selecting two correct options:

1. 21^st century has created a new global economy which is powered by …………, fuelled by ……….. and driven by knowledge.

a) Information                       b) Learning                 c) Simulation             d) Technology

2. We can collect data with …………… and …………. ICT tools.

a) Email                      b) Newspaper                       c) Newsgroup                        d) Magazines

3. One use of ICT in mathematics to explore the effects of varying values and looked for ……….. And ………

a) Equations   b) mistakes                c) invariance d) covariance

4. A computer model refers to the …………… and ……………. used to capture the behavior of system being modeled.

a) Algorithm  b) equations              c) program     d) summation

5. Simulation is …………….. And ……….. Than experimenting with a real life models.

a) cheaper      b) more expensive                c) safer                       d) riskier

6. ………… and ………….. are often used interchangeably and difference between them is trivial.

a) Science & Mathematics   b) Modeling               c) Simulations                        d) Internet

Q.5 Answer the following

1. Write a short note on the roe of ICT in science with example?

Ans.  The purpose for which ICT is used in science may be divided in to the following broad areas, each of which covers a range of software and hardware.

(1)   Collection of Scientific data or data logging or data capture is the most important application to support practical work in science. ICT tool are used to record and store measurements electronically. Data collection is quicker more accurate improves the quality of result. This reduces the mechanical aspects of data collection and shifts the focus on practical work to analysis. Example computer control microscopes and instruments, digital video recordings, etc., are used to record and store measurement.

(2)   Visual Presentation facilitates better understanding of concepts and process. Instant feedback provided by a spreadsheet enables learners to see the effect of changing a value and refine their hypothesis and experiments. Example: Using spreadsheets graphing tools for data handling and analysis, data can be presented in more visual and clear form.

(3)   Modeling and simulation for demonstration and prediction improve scientific understanding, and develop investigative and higher order thinking skills. Animations enable teachers to demonstrate experiments.

(4)   Interactive education and information resource: interactive simulations reinforce learning by allowing the students to model simulate and explore a wide variety of physical phenomena. Example: Numerous simulations and animations can be found on the internet to illustrate key principles and facilitate interactive learning.

2.   Write a short note on role of ICT in mathematics?

Ans. The purpose for which ICT is used in mathematics may be divided in to the following broad areas:

(1)   Graphical user interface for instant feedback:  Instant GUI feedback is the fundamental way n which ICT supports students of mathematics. Example Adopting trial and improvement approach to solve equations using spreadsheet.

(2)   Observing patterns: The speed of computer enables students to look sufficient cases of mathematical problems of changing values, observe patterns from invariance and covariance in the result and make generalization. Example Explore triangle properties or a circle theorem by drawing appropriate figure in geogebra.

(3)   Observing links/connections: a computer enables to readily link an equation, a table of numbers and a graph. Students realize that they are different representation of same thing. Example Geogebra can draw graphs directly from two equations. Students can then understand that an intersection of two straight lines represents the solution to a problem. Example Geogebra can draw graph directly from two equations. Students can then understand of two straight lines represents the solution to a problem

(4)   Manipulating diagrams or graphs dynamically using ICT tools helps students develop the capability to visualize and generate their own mental images. An example Dynamic geography software package, like geogebra, allows students to dynamically explore the graphs.

(5)   Exploring real data: ICT tools enable students to work with real data, and represent them in a variety of ways for interpretation and analysis. Example Students can take part in online survey, and compare contrast their view with others.

3. What is modeling? Explain modeling with two suitable examples.

Ans: A model is a program which has been developed to copy the way a system works in real life.

It uses mathematical formulas and calculations to predict what is likely to happen based on data recorded about what actually did happen in the past.

Modeling works well in spreadsheets because all of the calculations have been set up using formulas. So, when you change one value e.g. food cost, all of the values related to it, e.g. food cost, total costs, profit will change automatically.

When you watch the weather forecast on TV you will see the presenters telling you what the weather will be like that day, that evening, tomorrow or even later in the week.

4. What is simulation? Explain simulation with suitable examples?

Ans: Computer simulations use computer models to also predict how a system will behave given a certain set of conditions.  Again, they are created through the use of mathematical formulas. The difference between a model and a simulation is that a simulation also uses something physical to mimic parts of the system. A very good example of a simulation is a flight simulator. To the trainee pilot, the cockpit is just like the real thing. They look out the window of the simulator and they see a computer generated view. If they pull the joystick here and there, the simulator moves around just like the real thing - all the instruments produce realistic readings - just like the real thing.

Q.5 Answer in brief

1. Write benefits of ICT in Science and mathematics?

Ans: Since both modeling and simulation involves building Computer Models, rather than real ones, they result in a huge savings in cost.
Modeling and Simulations are cheaper, faster and easier than making and testing different real life models.
Modeling and simulations can be used repeatedly without having to re-build models.
The efficiency of the person using M&S techniques and also the organization improves.
Since these techniques are flexible and dynamic, they can be used for simulation of complex situations.
Unexpected behavior will also show up as the use of M&S techniques allow us to perform testing of the system under extreme conditions.

2.  Define modeling and simulation.

Ans. A Computer Model is a digital representation of a real life system. Using mathematical formulae and graphics programs, a virtual version of a real world system can be created. For example Computer Models of a ship can be built. This can be viewed in 3-D on the Computer with a facility to Zoom and rotate in selected areas. This allows us to study which Computer Model is best and then decide to build a real ship.

Simulation is the technique of studying the behavior of a real world system by building a computer version of it. The use of a simulator also begins with building a Computer Model of a Real life system. One or more Variable of the Mathematical Model is changed so that we can study its effect. For example the laws of physics relating to fluid dynamics can be programmed in the Model of a ship. The user can then change variables such as speed or weight of the ship and study the stability of the ship under different situations..

3. Write any two examples of Simulation?

Ans.  A very good example of a simulation is a flight simulator.

Another example of a simulation is a thrill ride simulator somewhere like Disneyland.

Another form of simulation is Virtual Reality.

4. Write any two examples of modeling.

Ans: Modeling works well in spreadsheets because all of the calculations have been set up using formulas. So, when you change one value e.g. food cost, all of the values related to it, e.g. food cost, total costs, profit will change automatically.

When you watch the weather forecast on TV you will see the presenters telling you what the weather will be like that day, that evening, tomorrow or even later in the week.

5. Explain the difference between modeling and simulation.

Ans.  Compare modeling and simulation.
Differences:

	Modeling	Simulation
1	A Computer Model is a digital representation of a real life system. Using mathematical formulae and graphics programs, a virtual version of a real world system can be created.	Simulation is the technique of studying the behavior of a real world system by building a computer version of it. The use of a simulator also begins with building a Computer Model of a Real life system. One or more Variable of the Mathematical Model is changed so that we can study its effect.
2	For example, Computer Models of a ship can be built. This can be viewed in 3-D on the Computer with a facility to Zoom and rotate in selected areas. This allows us to study which Computer Model is best and then decide to build a real ship.	For example, the laws of physics relating to fluid dynamics can be programmed in the Model of a ship. The user can then change variables such as speed or weight of the ship and study the stability of the ship under different situations.
3	A model is considered to be static because it does not change.	A simulator on the other hand is considered to be dynamic because the variables that govern the performance of the model change.
4	A computer model tries to represent a real life situation.	A simulation can also be used to study imaginary or impossible situations. (eg life on Mars)

6. Explain the benefits of modeling and simulation.

Ans. Since both modeling and simulation involves building Computer Models, rather than real ones, they result in a huge savings in cost.
Modeling and Simulations are cheaper, faster and easier than making and testing different real life models.
Modeling and simulations can be used repeatedly without having to re-build models.
The efficiency of the person using M&S techniques and also the organization improves.
Since these techniques are flexible and dynamic, they can be used for simulation of complex situations.
Unexpected behavior will also show up as the use of M&S techniques allow us to perform testing of the system under extreme conditions.

Chapter- 4 ICT in Day Today Life

Chapter No- 4

ICT in Day Today Life

QI Fill in the blanks

1. ICT has become a powerful tool in the fight against world poverty.

2. ICT is providing developing countries with an unprecedented opportunity to meet vital

    development.

3. ICT is used in industry to support supply chain management.

4. Due to ICT, people are tending to become more individualistic and introvert.

5. E-governance uses ICT to work as a bridge between government and citizens.

6. Online shopping involves e-commerce.

7. Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business.

QII State whether True or False.

1.  ICTs cannot help developing countries in meeting vital development goals. False

2. Global economy means borderless economy. True

3. ICT is one of the development pillars to gain national competitive advantage. True

4. Use of ICT blocks cognitive development of students. False

5. The sole objective of teaching at school is to give information. False

6.  ICT cannot be used in evaluation process. False

7. A virtual laboratory does not provide students the freedom to manipulate any attribute     or variable  related to an experiment. False

8. Virtual laboratory can provide lot of freedom to students. True

9. Online tutoring uses VSAT. True

10. Some students need academic support outside the school. True

11. Computer networking and the internet are the backbones of the banking system. True

12. NEFT stands for National Electronic Fund Transfer. True.

13. RTGS stands for Real Time Gross System. False

14. E-commerce makes buying and selling activities slower. False

15. Higher bandwidth has made high speed broadband connectivity possible. True

16. A computer cannot harm users if they use it for long hours. False

17. There are two types of people,  some who do not read newspaper or watch television and others  who read and watch all the time. True

18. One of the ways  people become aware of ICTs and related service is through the media. True

QII Rewrite the following statements by the correct option.(single correct)

1. ICT has become a powerful tool in the fight against world poverty.

2. IC is one of the economic development pillars to gain national competitive advantage.

3. ICT can be used at both school and higher education levels for online tutoring.

4. Computerized assessment of answer sheets has been successfully implemented in competitive

    examinations.

5. RTGS stands for Real time Gross Settlement.

6. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web.

7. The launch of digital TV got considerable coverage as it is a product promoted by television

    companies.

QIII Rewrite the following statements by the correct option.(Two  correct)

 1. The lack of appropriate business information at the right time will result in low productivity

     and   quality search.

2. Economy with no boundary in time and space is called digital economy and quality research .

3. ICT can be used at both school and higher education levels for evaluation and   remedial

    teaching.

4. In the education sector, students and administrators benefits from use of ICTs.

5. Using ICT, bank administrators can monitor entire banking activities such as RTGS and NEFT.

6. ICT can help in promoting due to frequent long sessions on computer are local product and

    tourism.

7. Health problems due to frequent long sessions on computer are eye strain and physical stress.

8. Challenges of ICT in education are cognitive development and problem based learning.

9.  The popular discussion group are face book and yahoo groups.

10.  Face book and Orkut are popular discussion groups.

QIV Answer the following questions (2 marks each):

1. What are the advantages of e-commerce to the economy?

Ans. E-commerce makes buying and selling activities faster, more efficient and cheaper. It helps in boosting the economy by cutting cost, improving the quality of service and increasing the speed of service and increasing the speed of service delivery.

            Customer, suppliers and employees in the e-commerce sector benefit from the usage  of ICT. Customers save time and money by making online purchase directly from the suppliers. Suppliers have better control over the transactions and inventory because of readily available information. Employees use ICTs to communicate easily with customers for trade related.

2. How can ICT be used to connect to colleagues, friends and  relatives?

Ans.  High speed broadband Internet connectivity is now possible with the availability of higher bandwidth. The cost of high speed broadband connections to the internet is now affordable and we do not have to pay for the basic services provided by the internet.

            Any type of information can be sent to friends, colleagues and relatives via email and instant messaging using computer and mobile phone. Socializing is also possible through social networking sited, such as Face book, Google Groups etc.

3. How information can be shared and updated with the use of ICT?

Ans. With the use of ICT, information and news can be shared by people all around the world. People can share and update news and information through discussion groups, mailing lists and forums on the internet.

            Besides computers, high speed broadband Internet connectivity is now also available on mobile phones. With the internet, information can be accessed and retrieved from anywhere and it anytime. Effective sharing of information contributes to the development of knowledge society.

 4. Write short note on the social problems due to ICT?

Ans. Social problems due to ICT (or negative impacts of ICT on society) :

1.      People now choose online communication rather than real – time face – to – face conversation.

2.      People tend to become more individuals and introvert.

3.      ICTs expose people to frauds and identity theft through hacking, phishing and malwares.

4.      Highly offensive websites and those containing illegal material can adversely affect the young and unprepared minds and result in moral deterioration.

5.  Write short note on negative impacts of ICT on health?

Ans. Negative impacts of ICT on health:

Frequent computer use for long hours are resulting in undesirable medical conditions. Bad posture leads to fatigue, neck stiffness, back pain and pain in limbs and wrists. Other health issues that result from long use of computers are eye strain, head ache, high blood pressure and obesity. To prevent them, experts advise taking regular  breaks, looking away from the monitor at regular intervals, increasing the size of the display or text, and sitting at a correct distance from the monitor.

6. How do people find out about ICTs through media?

Ans. One of the ways people become aware of ICTs is through the media. New ICTs have been extensively covered across media, such as news papers, magazines, TV, radio and the internet. Awareness of many innovations and others experiences and assessments comes through general news coverage, advertisements and advertising campaign.

The newspapers report on stories and general developments, that involve the internet and other technologies, in their business, news and technology sections. Different TV programmes magazines and newspapers give different coverage and endorsement depending on their viewership.

There is a great deal of advertising for consumer product and services, such as internet access, computers, and mobile phones, multimedia related product etc. The launch of digital TC for example, got considerable coverage as it is a product promoted by the television companies.

QV Answer the following(4 marks each)

1. State the usage of ICT in daily life?

Ans. usage of ICT in daily life:

(1) Education: Students and teachers use ICT to enhance learning and cognitive skills. Researchers and school administrators use it to collect and analyze research data and students data.

(2) Banking: ICTs has transformed the entire banking sector with various e-banking services. In the banking sector, customer, businessmen and bank administrators benefit from the usage of ICT.

(3) Industry: ICT are used for product designing, production control and inventory management.

(4) E-commerce: Customers, suppliers and employees benefit from the efficient and faster buying and selling activities using ICT.

(5) Employment: ICT based service industries are providing new jobs, particularly to youth and women.

(6) E-governance: ICTs have simplified administrative procedures and provided easier access to government services, such as payment of taxes.

(7) Personal activities: ICTs are being increasingly used for carrying out banking transactions, share trading, booking tickets, online shopping and learning.

(8) Personal and community communication: ICTs are used for socializing and contacting friends and relatives.

2. List the areas for which ICT can be used in school and higher education. OR

    Write how ICT can be used in the education system.

Ans. The areas for ICT s can be used in both school and higher education are as follows:

(1) Teaching: ICT enabled teaching is learner centric and motivating, with more emphasis on learning than teaching.

(2) Remedial teaching: Teacher can adapt ICT tools to  provide learning activities and practical experience to slow learners according to their learning abilities and needs.

(3) Evaluation: Using ICTs, the teaching learning process can be improved on the basis of information gathered from speedy and comprehensive evaluation and assessment.

(4) Development of virtual laboratory: Interactive simulations of laboratory experiments can both, improve scientific understanding and reinforce learning. The student can change the attributes/ variables related to an experiment and immediately see how it affects the outcome.

(5) Online tutoring VSAT based two –way communication technology with multimedia capabilities for online tutoring school and college subjects, management, test preparations etc.

(6)  Development of reasoning and thinking: Using ICTs, students can develop critical thinking and reasoning skills to weed through the vast amount of information available to them through ICT. They can apply those skills to their academic studies.

(7) Research and development: ICTs can deliver the very best research and training to meet the future scientific needs.

(8) Instructional material development: Services of distinguished lectures and experts are used in preparing videos of lectures and other content to enhance the quality of classroom instruction.

3. Describe the usage of ICT in banking and industry. Identify the groups that benefit from  

     the usage of   ICT in each of these sectors.  OR

     How can ICT be used in the banking sector and industry?

Ans. (1) Usage of ICT in banking: ICTs have transformed the centre banking sector. Computers, networking and the internet form the backbone of the entire banking system. In the banking sector, customers, businessmen and bank administrators benefit from the usage of ICT.

            Customers can access 24 x 7 electronic banking service that include ATM, electronic fund transfer and net banking. Businessmen can access their current accounts for loans, business transactions and updates on cash flow. Bank administrators can monitor the banking activities like reconciliations, inter-branch transaction (IBT), real time gross settlements(RTGS), national electronic fund transfer(NEFT), etc.

(2) Usage of ICT in industry:  ICT are used in product designing, production planning and control systems and inventory management. In the industrial sector, workers, researchers and company administrators/ managers benefit from the usage of ICT.

            Workers use various computer controlled instruments and machinery for testing and production. They monitor the robots that are used to do the dangerous and sophisticated jobs. Managers / administrators use ICT to oversee all aspects of a factory.

4. State the usage  of ICT for personal activities OR

     What are personal activities that can be  done using ICT?

Ans.  Usage of ICT for personal activities :

1.      Reading local and international news. News paper and radio are examples of older ICTs. News websites, blogs and social networking sites are examples of newer ICTs.

2.      Carrying out electronic transactions through net banking and debit / credit cards, and trading of shares.

3.      Booking tickets for air or rail travel, for cinemas or theatres, hotels etc.

4.      Shopping online for books, clothes, domestic appliances, etc.

5.      Learning for new knowledge or acquiring new skills, anytime and anywhere.

6.      Watching TV programmes and live videos.

7.      Connecting to relatives and friends through email, VoIP, etc.

8.      Socializing using mobile phones and through social networking sites.

5. Sate the various impacts of ICT on society. OR

     What are the various impacts of ICT in our daily life?

Ans. Impacts of ICT in our daily life:

1.      Faster and cheaper communication: High speed broadband Internet connectivity is now possible with the availability of higher bandwidth. The communication is now fast, inexpensive and reliable. News or messages are sent instantly to friends, business partners or to anyone.

2.      Effective sharing information: Information, opinions and news can be shared by people all around the world through forums, discussion group and mailing lists on the internet.

3.      Paperless environment: Information can be stored and retrieved through the digital medium instead of paper. Online communication via email and instant messaging also helps in creating the paperless environment.

4.      Social and health problems: These are negative impacts of ICT. Nowadays people choose online   communication rather than real time conversation. People tend to become more individualistic and introvert. Internet frauds, identity theft, pornography, etc. are also threats to the society. Spending long hours in front of the computer leads physical discomfort and mental stress. Bad posture leads to fatigue, neck stiffness and back pain. Repetitive stress injuries cause pain in the limbs, wrists. Prolonged focus leads to eye strain and headache.

6       Explain the challenges of ICT in poverty reduction in developing countries. OR

What are the challenges of ICT for development?

Ans. ICTs can be used as tools in the fight against poverty. Poverty is not just a case of low income. The poor lack access to information that is vital to their lives and livelihoods : information about income earning  opportunities, about market prices for the goods they produce, about healthcare and about access to markets and institution that could provide then with needed resources and services.

            It is possible, practical and affordable to use ICTs to address some aspects of poverty. For poverty reduction, challenging development goals for developing countries include reforms mainly in four sectors, namely, education, livelihood, healthcare and governance.   

1.      Education: Virtually all forms of education, from primary school to university to vocational training address poverty issues.

2.      Livelihood: Enhancing livelihoods opportunities is a key requirement in relieving poverty. ICTs have been show to be effective at both enhancing traditional livelihoods and in the creation of new jobs.

3.      Healthcare: The lack of adequate healthcare is one of the most cruel aspects of poverty. An important focus of ICTs is on using them to educate people on health issues, to actually deliver healthcare and to collect data and information for improving healthcare.

4.      Governance:  ICTs are essential for participation of the people, transparency, and good governance. These are crucial for development and poverty reductions. The poor can access land records, and information about government schemes and services. Computerized data collection and processing can allow governments to understand poverty issues and ultimately address them.

Note: Simple example of livelihood enhancements include providing farmers with weather forecasts or crop information, and providing fishermen with weather forecasts and market prices. New livelihoods enabled by ICTs include web-based businesses and telephone access resellers.